基于树轮资料重建森林净初级生产力的研究进展     

方欧娅  汪洋  邵雪梅 《地理科学进展》2014,33(8):1039-1046

森林净初级生产力(NPP)反映了森林植被固定和转换光合产物的能力,表示了森林碳汇功能强度,也是评价森林植被的演替状况以及陆地生态系统承载力的主要指标。基于遥感、清查资料等方法估算NPP已经取得了一些进展,但传统的研究方法受限于观测(调查)年份,难以有效获取长时间尺度的区域森林种群或群落年际NPP。树轮资料较为有效地反映了历史时期森林植被的逐年生长状况,从而在估算高精度且长时间尺度区域森林种群及群落NPP中具有较大的优势。本文对利用树轮资料重建区域森林NPP的两种主要方法进行了总结,第一种方法主要是依据树轮资料提供的立木逐年生长量进行生物量以及NPP的估算;第二种方法则是利用树轮指数与其他植被指数的相关性间接反演过去时间段区域森林群落NPP的变化。上述两种估算NPP的方法均存在较多的限制性,未来利用树轮资料估算NPP的时空精度仍有待提高。  相似文献   

北黄海长山群岛外海底环状微洼地地貌特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓瑜  陈义兰  路波  文武  董立峰 《海洋学研究》2013,31(1):59-65

得益于多波束测深系统对海底精细地形特征的展现能力,2011年在长山群岛南侧进行的多波束水深调查中一种特殊的环状微洼地地貌引起了调查人员的注意,该地貌形态与以往报道的海底侵蚀坑槽和洼地有很大的不同,且成群密集分布。本文依据多波束调查数据对环状微洼地的具体形态和地貌特征进行了详细描述,将环状微洼地分为3种不同的类型,并利用地形地貌分析手段,结合收集的地质环境资料对该地貌的成因进行探讨,认为该地貌形态应与海底浅层气体或油气泄漏有关,且后期受到水动力的改造。  相似文献   

地磁活动指数Vr的时空分布特征分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

袁亚红  杨冬梅  陈化然  何宇飞  陈传华 《地球物理学报》2012,55(3):960-969

本文使用2008-2010年三年内的国内41个地磁台站和国外4个地磁台站的地磁水平分量H和磁偏角D的分钟值数据,研究了H和D的Vr指数(以下简称VrH和VrD)与Kp指数的关系及其时空分布特征,发现在时间变化上,VrH和VrD均具有27天太阳自转周变化;VrD呈现出显著的季节变化,而VrH却无,但与太阳风速度(SWS, Solar Wind Speed)变化密切相关,其三年的相关系数分别是0.97、0.70、0.88;去除季节变化后的VrD也表现出与SWS的相关,相关系数分别是0.96、0.77、0.5(2010年相关系数低主要受3月份Vr指数不明原因异常变化影响).在空间变化上,在我国大陆范围内,VrH和VrD均随纬度的增高而增大,并且具有地方时效应和显著的晨-昏不对称性,这种地方时效应和晨昏不对称性可能与部分环电流和场向电流有关系.研究认为Vr指数可以反映地磁场的快速变化,并可以间接反映SWS、部分环电流和场向电流对地磁场变化的影响和控制作用.  相似文献   

一种基于空气扫描的锥束CT环形伪影校正方法     

张华  黄魁东  史仪凯  李明君 《CT理论与应用研究》2012,21(2):247-254

在分析锥束CT平板探测器校正方法及环形伪影残留原因的基础上,提出一种简便的基于空气扫描的锥束CT环形伪影校正方法。该方法首先在同一锥束CT系统中采用相同参数进行空气扫描和被测物体扫描,然后分别重建出系列切片图像,最后由被测物体切片图像与空气切片图像对应相减实现残留环形伪影的校正,同时起到一定的降噪作用。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

25℃时K2B4O7-H2O体系的离子相互作用模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

李丽娟  姚燕  宋彭生 《盐湖研究》2004,12(2):23-28

根据硼酸盐水溶液中硼浓度不同时硼物种之间形成多种聚合与解聚的平衡反应理论和光谱学研究结果,利用已有的该体系25℃等压实验数据,拟合获得了该体系的两个化学计量平衡常数、各种硼氧配阴离子单一的以及二离子和三离子之间的相互作用Pitzer参数,确定了该体系在不同总硼浓度范围内各种硼氧配阴离子的存在形式与定量分布,将所获得的离子相互作用模型计算出的渗透系数与实验值进行了比较,获得了令人满意的结果。  相似文献   

Hyperconcentrated flows on a forested alluvial fan of eastern Canada: geomorphic characteristics,return period,and triggering scenarios          下载免费PDF全文

Marie‐Audray Ouellet  Daniel Germain 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(14):1876-1887

The assessment of the dominant flow type on alluvial fans usually refers to two categories: debris‐flow fans (i.e. sediment gravity flows) and fluvial fans (i.e. fluid gravity flows). Here we report the results of combined morphometric, stratigraphic and sedimentological approaches which suggest that hyperconcentrated flows, a transitional process rheologically distinct from debris flows and floods and sometimes referred to as debris floods, mud floods, or transitional debris flows, are the dominant fan building process in eastern Canada. These flows produce transitional facies between those of debris flows which consist of a cohesive matrix‐supported diamicton, and those of river flows which display more distinct stratification. The size of the blocks in the channels and the abrasion scars at the base of several trees attest to the high transport capacity of these flows. The fan channels are routed according to various obstacles comprised primarily of woody debris that impede sediment transit. However, these conditions of sediment storage are combined with readily available sediment due to the friable nature of the local lithology. Tree‐ring analysis allowed the reconstruction of eight hydrogeomorphic events which are characterized by a return period of 9.25 years for the period 1934–2008, although most of the analyzed events occurred after 1970. Historical weather data analysis indicates that they were related to rare hydrometeorological events at regional and local scales. This evidence led to the elaboration of weather scenarios likely responsible for triggering flows on the fan. According to these scenarios, two distinct hydrologic regimes emerge: the torrential rainfall regime and the nival regime related to snowmelt processes. Hydrogeomorphic processes occurring in a cold‐temperate climate, and particularly on small forested alluvial fans of north‐eastern North America, should receive more attention from land managers given the hazard they represent, as well as because of their sensitivity to various meteorological parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic loading impacts on excess pore‐water pressure maintain landslide triggered flowslides     

Gonghui Wang  Kyoji Sassa 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(2):232-241

During the 2003 Sanriku‐Minami earthquake, Japan, a flowslide was triggered on a slope of about 13.5º. The displaced landslide mass developed into a flowslide and deposited on a horizontal rice paddy after traveling approximately 130 m. To study the trigger and movement mechanisms of this landslide, field investigation and laboratory ring‐shear tests were performed. Field investigation revealed that the landslide originated from a fill slope, where a gully was buried for cultivation some decades ago, and shallow ground water was present. Undrained monotonic and cyclic ring‐shear tests on a sample (pyroclastic deposits) taken from the source area revealed that the soil is highly liquefiable, and its steady‐state shear strength can be little affected by overconsolidation. Using the seismic records of the earthquake, probable seismic loadings on the sliding surface were synthesized and applied to the samples in ring‐shear tests, which were performed under undrained or partially drained conditions. The undrained and partially drained tests revealed that shear failure can be triggered by the introduction of seismic loading and formation of excess pore‐water pressure. The generation of excess pore‐water pressure along with increase of shear displacement and the inhibited dissipation of excess pore‐water pressure due to the thickness of the saturated soil layer above the sliding surface probably enabled the continued post‐failure landsliding. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

用树轮灰度重建乌孙山北坡4—5月平均最低气温   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

张瑞波  袁玉江  魏文寿  喻树龙  陈峰 《中国沙漠》2008,28(5):848-854

利用2006年采自新疆伊犁乌孙山北坡3个采点的树轮样本,建立了树轮宽度年表,采用树轮图像分析法进一步建立了3种宽度年表和5种灰度年表。相关分析发现,在所有参数年表中乌孙山北坡3个树轮标准化全轮灰度年表序列与该地区4—5月平均最低气温显著相关,相关系数最大可达-0.552。经多方面检验可知,利用树轮标准化全轮灰度年表重建该地区过去324 a 的4—5月最低气温是可信的。通过对重建最低气温序列进行功率谱分析发现乌孙山北坡4—5月最低气温具有31 a、36 a和48 a的变化准周期;小波分析证实,31~32 a的低频变化周期最为显著,1800年以前,震荡随时间推移逐渐减弱,周期逐渐缩短,19世纪后期震荡加强,进入20世纪,震荡减弱,逐渐趋于稳定。4—5月平均最低气温经历了11高11低的变化阶段。  相似文献   

GPS扼径圈天线相位中心偏差检验     

赵永年  王建华  师昭梦  王雄 《高原地震》2008,20(1):52-56

GPS接收机天线相位中心偏差是指GPS天线接收卫星信号的电气中心与其机械几何中心之差,在GPS高精度测量中,这是不容忽视的。讨论了采用基线测量相对定位法确定天线相位中心偏差的原理和方法,并利用这一方法计算出天线相位偏差结果。  相似文献   

Ground magnetic characteristics of the storm-time ring current Asymmetry     

YingYan Wu  WenYao Xu  GengXiong Chen  Bo Chen  XiaoCan Liu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(5):686-693

Using the minute data of the H component of geomagnetic field from the 20°E magnetic meridian chain and the 30°N magnetic latitudinal chain, the temporal evolution characteristics of the equatorial ring current during the storm on November 7-10, 2004 are studied. It is indicated that the UT-MLT and UT-MLAT graphics extremely exhibit the local time distribution, latitudinal variation and temporal evo- lution of the H component. The results show: (1) The UT-MLT contour clearly shows the increasing of the H component mostly around noon during the initial phase, representing the geomagnetic effect from the magnetopause current system. During the main phase, most negative values of the H com- ponent appear around the dusk-side, indicating the dawn-dusk asymmetric distribution of the ring cur- rent. (2) The contour of UT-MLAT suggests the latitudinal variation of the H component decreasing with the enhancement of the latitudes during geomagnetic storm, which is in good agreement with the Dst index. The latitudinal variations provide a new sight for describing the temporal characteristics of the intensity of the storm-time ring current. (3) Both the contours of UT-MLT and UT-MLAT are useful to monitor the space-time distribution of the equatorial ring current.  相似文献